\n ## Flowchart: Systematic Review Search and Selection Process ### Overview This flowchart illustrates the process of a systematic review, detailing the number of records identified, screened, assessed for eligibility, and ultimately included in the review. The process begins with an initial search across four databases and progresses through stages of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion, with associated record counts at each step. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria (IC1-IC5) are defined on the right side of the image. ### Components/Axes The flowchart consists of boxes representing stages in the review process, connected by arrows indicating the flow of records. Circles represent the initial databases searched. The right side of the image contains a legend defining the Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria (IC1-IC5). * **Initial Search Databases:** Clarivate Web of Science, OpenReview.net, arXiv, Scopus * **Stages:** Identification, Screening, Eligibility, Inclusion * **Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria (IC1-IC5):** * IC1: BETWEEN YEAR JANUARY 1, 2021 AND SEPTEMBER 15, 2025. MUST BE IN SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, OPENREVIEW, ARXIV * IC2: PUBLISHED IN A/A*/B/NOTABLE CONFERENCES AND Q1/Q2 JOURNALS * IC3: PREPRINT ALTHOUGH PUBLISHED BY HIGH RANKED UNIVERSITIES RESEARCHERS FROM REPUTABLE LABS AND/OR DOMAIN EXPERTS * IC4: SCANNING FULL TEXTS * IC5: STUDIES MUST ADDRESS FACT-CHECKING, MISINFORMATION DETECTION, OR HALLUCINATION MITIGATION IN LLMS * **Additional Labels:** * i: Total Paper * ii: Run EC1, EC2, EC3 * iii: Run IC2, IC3, IC4 * iv: Run IC5 ### Detailed Analysis or Content Details The flowchart begins with an initial search across four databases: 1. **Clarivate Web of Science:** 1235 records 2. **OpenReview.net:** Approximately 1000 records (~1000) 3. **arXiv:** 9180 records 4. **Scopus:** 3270 records These records are combined, resulting in a total of 14685 records at the **Identification** stage (i). * **Screening (ii):** 2932 records remain after applying EC1, EC2, and EC3. * **Eligibility (iii):** 182 records are deemed eligible after applying IC2, IC3, and IC4. * **Inclusion (iv):** 64 records are ultimately included after applying IC5. The circles representing the databases are numbered 1 through 4, corresponding to the order listed above. The arrows connecting the databases to the "Identification" box are dashed, indicating the initial search and record retrieval. The arrows connecting the stages are solid, indicating the flow of records through the review process. ### Key Observations The number of records decreases significantly at each stage of the review process. The largest reduction occurs between the Identification and Screening stages (14685 to 2932), suggesting that the initial screening criteria (EC1, EC2, EC3) are highly selective. The final inclusion of only 64 records from an initial search of over 14,000 indicates a rigorous and focused review process. ### Interpretation This flowchart demonstrates a typical systematic review methodology. The substantial reduction in records at each stage highlights the importance of well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria in ensuring the quality and relevance of the included studies. The specific criteria (IC1-IC5) indicate that this review focuses on recent (2021-2025) research related to fact-checking, misinformation detection, and hallucination mitigation in Large Language Models (LLMs), published in reputable sources (Scopus, Web of Science, OpenReview, arXiv, A/A*/B journals, Q1/Q2 conferences). The process is designed to filter out irrelevant or low-quality studies, resulting in a small, highly relevant set of studies for synthesis and analysis. The use of approximate values (e.g., ~1000) suggests a degree of uncertainty in the initial record counts, potentially due to variations in search strategies or database coverage.