## Line Chart: I-Don't-Know Rate vs. Layer for Llama Models ### Overview The image presents two line charts comparing the "I-Don't-Know Rate" across different layers of two Llama models (Llama-3.2-1B and Llama-3.2-3B) for various question-answering datasets. Each chart displays multiple data series, representing different anchoring methods (Q-Anchored and A-Anchored) on datasets like PopQA, TriviaQA, HotpotQA, and NQ. The charts aim to illustrate how the model's uncertainty varies across layers and datasets. ### Components/Axes * **Titles:** * Left Chart: "Llama-3.2-1B" * Right Chart: "Llama-3.2-3B" * **Y-Axis (Vertical):** * Label: "I-Don't-Know Rate" * Scale: 0 to 100, with tick marks at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100. * **X-Axis (Horizontal):** * Label: "Layer" * Left Chart Scale: 0 to 15, with tick marks at 0, 5, 10, and 15. * Right Chart Scale: 0 to 25, with tick marks at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25. * **Legend:** Located at the bottom of the image, it identifies each data series by color and label: * Blue: Q-Anchored (PopQA) * Brown Dashed: A-Anchored (PopQA) * Green: Q-Anchored (TriviaQA) * Gray Dotted: A-Anchored (TriviaQA) * Teal Dashed: Q-Anchored (HotpotQA) * Orange: A-Anchored (HotpotQA) * Pink Dashed: Q-Anchored (NQ) * Gray Dotted: A-Anchored (NQ) ### Detailed Analysis #### Llama-3.2-1B (Left Chart) * **Q-Anchored (PopQA) - Blue:** Starts high (around 60-70) and drops sharply to around 10-20 by layer 5, then fluctuates between 10 and 40 for the remaining layers. * Layer 0: ~65 * Layer 5: ~10 * Layer 10: ~30 * Layer 15: ~40 * **A-Anchored (PopQA) - Brown Dashed:** Relatively stable, fluctuating between 50 and 70 across all layers. * Layer 0: ~55 * Layer 5: ~60 * Layer 10: ~60 * Layer 15: ~60 * **Q-Anchored (TriviaQA) - Green:** Starts high (near 100) and decreases to around 30-40 by layer 5, then fluctuates between 20 and 60. * Layer 0: ~95 * Layer 5: ~40 * Layer 10: ~30 * Layer 15: ~20 * **A-Anchored (TriviaQA) - Gray Dotted:** Starts around 60, decreases to 40 by layer 5, and then fluctuates between 40 and 60. * Layer 0: ~60 * Layer 5: ~40 * Layer 10: ~50 * Layer 15: ~50 * **Q-Anchored (HotpotQA) - Teal Dashed:** Starts around 50, decreases to 30 by layer 5, and then fluctuates between 20 and 50. * Layer 0: ~50 * Layer 5: ~30 * Layer 10: ~40 * Layer 15: ~30 * **A-Anchored (HotpotQA) - Orange:** Relatively stable, fluctuating between 50 and 70 across all layers. * Layer 0: ~55 * Layer 5: ~60 * Layer 10: ~60 * Layer 15: ~60 * **Q-Anchored (NQ) - Pink Dashed:** Starts high (around 80), decreases to around 40 by layer 5, and then fluctuates between 20 and 60. * Layer 0: ~80 * Layer 5: ~40 * Layer 10: ~60 * Layer 15: ~30 * **A-Anchored (NQ) - Gray Dotted:** Starts around 50, decreases to 40 by layer 5, and then fluctuates between 40 and 60. * Layer 0: ~50 * Layer 5: ~40 * Layer 10: ~50 * Layer 15: ~50 #### Llama-3.2-3B (Right Chart) * **Q-Anchored (PopQA) - Blue:** Starts high (around 50-60) and drops sharply to around 5-10 by layer 5, then fluctuates between 5 and 30 for the remaining layers. * Layer 0: ~55 * Layer 5: ~5 * Layer 15: ~20 * Layer 25: ~20 * **A-Anchored (PopQA) - Brown Dashed:** Relatively stable, fluctuating between 50 and 70 across all layers. * Layer 0: ~50 * Layer 5: ~60 * Layer 15: ~65 * Layer 25: ~70 * **Q-Anchored (TriviaQA) - Green:** Starts high (near 100) and decreases to around 10-20 by layer 5, then fluctuates between 10 and 40. * Layer 0: ~95 * Layer 5: ~10 * Layer 15: ~30 * Layer 25: ~20 * **A-Anchored (TriviaQA) - Gray Dotted:** Starts around 50, decreases to 40 by layer 5, and then fluctuates between 40 and 60. * Layer 0: ~50 * Layer 5: ~40 * Layer 15: ~50 * Layer 25: ~50 * **Q-Anchored (HotpotQA) - Teal Dashed:** Starts around 50, decreases to 10 by layer 5, and then fluctuates between 5 and 30. * Layer 0: ~50 * Layer 5: ~10 * Layer 15: ~20 * Layer 25: ~20 * **A-Anchored (HotpotQA) - Orange:** Relatively stable, fluctuating between 50 and 70 across all layers. * Layer 0: ~50 * Layer 5: ~60 * Layer 15: ~65 * Layer 25: ~70 * **Q-Anchored (NQ) - Pink Dashed:** Starts high (around 80), decreases to around 20 by layer 5, and then fluctuates between 10 and 50. * Layer 0: ~80 * Layer 5: ~20 * Layer 15: ~40 * Layer 25: ~30 * **A-Anchored (NQ) - Gray Dotted:** Starts around 50, decreases to 40 by layer 5, and then fluctuates between 40 and 60. * Layer 0: ~50 * Layer 5: ~40 * Layer 15: ~50 * Layer 25: ~50 ### Key Observations * **Initial Drop:** For both models, the Q-Anchored series (PopQA, TriviaQA, HotpotQA, NQ) generally show a significant drop in the "I-Don't-Know Rate" within the first few layers (around layer 5). * **A-Anchored Stability:** The A-Anchored series (PopQA, TriviaQA, HotpotQA, NQ) tend to be more stable, with less fluctuation across layers. * **Model Comparison:** The Llama-3.2-3B model (right chart) has a longer x-axis (more layers) than the Llama-3.2-1B model (left chart). * **Dataset Variation:** The "I-Don't-Know Rate" varies significantly depending on the dataset used. ### Interpretation The charts suggest that the model's uncertainty (as measured by the "I-Don't-Know Rate") is highly dependent on the anchoring method (Q vs. A) and the specific question-answering dataset. The initial drop in the Q-Anchored series indicates that the model quickly gains confidence in its answers as it processes the initial layers. The relative stability of the A-Anchored series might indicate a more consistent level of uncertainty throughout the layers. The difference in the number of layers between the two models (Llama-3.2-1B vs. Llama-3.2-3B) could be a factor in their performance and uncertainty characteristics. The longer model (3B) might have more capacity to learn and refine its answers, potentially leading to different patterns in the "I-Don't-Know Rate" across layers. The variation across datasets highlights the importance of dataset-specific training and evaluation. The model's uncertainty is likely influenced by the complexity, ambiguity, and domain knowledge required for each dataset.